No one ever won a chess game by betting on each move. Sometimes you have to move backward to get a step forward. -- Amar Gopal Bose
Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. -- Confucius
You don't drown by falling in the water; you drown by staying there. -- Edwin Louis Cole
If there exists no possibility of failure, then victory is meaningless. -- Robert H. Schuller
I am not judged by the number of times I fail, but by the number of times I succeed; and the number of times I succeed is in direct proportion to the number of times I can fail and keep on trying. -- Tom Hopkins
Most people give up just when they're about to achieve success. They quit on the one yard line. They give up at the last minute of the game, one foot from a winning touchdown.-- Ross Perot
If you can't make a mistake, you can't make anything. -- Marva Collins
Because a fellow has failed once or twice, or a dozen times, you don't want to set him down as a failure till he's dead or loses his courage--and that's the same thing.-- George Lorimer
Failure should be our teacher, not our undertaker. Failure is delay, not defeat. It is a temporary detour, not a dead end.
Failure is something we can avoid only by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing.-- Denis Waitley
Failure is only a temporary change in direction to set you straight for your next success. -- Denis Waitley
When defeat comes, accept it as a signal that your plans are not sound, rebuild those plans, and set sail once more toward your coveted goal. -- Napoleon Hill
Being defeated is often a temporary condition. Giving up is what makes it permanent.-- Marilyn vos Savant
Men succeed when they realize that their failures are the preparation for their victories. -- Ralph Waldo Emerson
The wisest person is not the one who has the fewest failures but the one who turns failures to best account.-- Richard R. Grant
History has demonstrated that the most notable winners encountered heart breaking obstacles before they triumphed. They finally won by their defeats. -- B. C. Forbes
Defeat doesn't finish a man--quit does. A man is not finished when he's defeated. He's finished when he quits.--Richard M. Nixon
People in their handlings of affairs often fail when they are about to succeed. If one remains as careful at the end as he was at the beginning, there will be no failure.-- Lao-Tzu
There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.-- Colin Powell
If you are not big enough to lose, you are not big enough to win. -- Walter Reuther
Thursday, March 22, 2007
Wednesday, March 21, 2007
Struggle
If there is no struggle, there is no progress.
For better or worse, our future will be determined in large part by our dreams and by the struggle to make them real.
Yesterday I dared to struggle. Today I dare to win.
Opportunity follows struggle. It follows effort. It follows hard work. It doesn't come before
The way I see things, the way I see life, I see it as a struggle. And there's a great deal of reward I have gained coming to that understanding -- that existence is a struggle.
The battles that count aren't the ones for gold medals. The struggles within yourself -- the invisible, inevitable battles inside all of us -- that's where it's at.
He who would live must fight, he who will not fight in this world where eternal struggle is the law of life, has not the right to exist.
The important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle.
Struggle is the father of all things. It is not by the principles of humanity that man lives or is able to preserve himself above the animal world, but solely by means of the most brutal struggle.
Struggle is strengthening. Battling with evil gives us the power to battle evil even more.
Unfortunately this earth is not. . . a fairy-land, but a struggle for life, perfectly natural and therefore extremely harsh.
Most people would succeed in small things if they were not troubled with great ambitions
For better or worse, our future will be determined in large part by our dreams and by the struggle to make them real.
Yesterday I dared to struggle. Today I dare to win.
Opportunity follows struggle. It follows effort. It follows hard work. It doesn't come before
The way I see things, the way I see life, I see it as a struggle. And there's a great deal of reward I have gained coming to that understanding -- that existence is a struggle.
The battles that count aren't the ones for gold medals. The struggles within yourself -- the invisible, inevitable battles inside all of us -- that's where it's at.
He who would live must fight, he who will not fight in this world where eternal struggle is the law of life, has not the right to exist.
The important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle.
Struggle is the father of all things. It is not by the principles of humanity that man lives or is able to preserve himself above the animal world, but solely by means of the most brutal struggle.
Struggle is strengthening. Battling with evil gives us the power to battle evil even more.
Unfortunately this earth is not. . . a fairy-land, but a struggle for life, perfectly natural and therefore extremely harsh.
Most people would succeed in small things if they were not troubled with great ambitions
Saturday, March 3, 2007
IIT KHARAGPUR:Nehru Museum of Science & Technology
Nehru Museum of Science & Technology
At the old building of IIT Kharagpur we have the Nehru Museum. A large number of technical models abandoned by various Institutes and organizations in India and abroad have been collected for exhibition in the museum. The museum was started in the Hijli Detention Camp which has been renamed "Hijli Shahid Bhavan" on 16th September, 1997 on the Hijli Martyrs Day to commemorate the martyrdom of two freedom fighters are the Hijli Detention Camp in September 1931.
The Nehru Museum of Science and Technology was established in 1990 with the objective of :
• Providing a historical perspective to the advancement of scientific and technological knowledge in various fields of human endeavor by means of models, experiments, demonstrations, photographs, manuscripts, geological specimens like fossils etc.
• To provide young minds at the school and college level with an opportunity to learn and rediscover scientific principles by performing experiments.
• To bring out literature, books, magazines, etc. for popularizing science and technology amongst the people at large.
• To preserve and present the history technical education in India and specially the history of the IIT system to the general public.
• To collect and preserve the cultural and anthropological records of the people of our neighborhood.
• To organize exhibitions of scientific and technical models and gadgets, creative arts and crafts etc. for the education of the common mass.
The technical models present were abandoned by various Institutes and organizations in India and abroad which have been collected for exhibition in the museum.
Fourteen open air demo experiments have been set up in a park in front of the museum for school children. More than 100 indoor exhibits and several outdoor exhibits like a hunter plane (donated by the IAF), a steam engine (donated by the Indian Railways) are on display. NMS&T organizes exhibitions quite regularly on various themes like "SPLASH" - an exhibition related to water, "GIFT OF WINGS" - on flying in air etc.
A number of books on popular science like "LASERS", "FOOD & FUN", "BRAIN WAVE", "Profiles in wisdom: Science and Indian scientists" have been published by the museum.
An archive room has been set up where documents pertaining to history of IIT Kharagpur and Midnapore district are displayed.
The museum is a financially independent entity. It welcomes donations.
The museum is run by a management committee approved by BOG, IIT Kgp.
The museum is a financially independent entity. We welcome donations in terms of money, active or passive models, gadgets on science and advanced technology, creative art and crafts, scientific and technical material for popularizing science and technology. We welcome any member from the public to join us and be a patron, life member, sustaining member and help us in our endeavor to achieve our goals
SOURCE: IIT KGP website
At the old building of IIT Kharagpur we have the Nehru Museum. A large number of technical models abandoned by various Institutes and organizations in India and abroad have been collected for exhibition in the museum. The museum was started in the Hijli Detention Camp which has been renamed "Hijli Shahid Bhavan" on 16th September, 1997 on the Hijli Martyrs Day to commemorate the martyrdom of two freedom fighters are the Hijli Detention Camp in September 1931.
The Nehru Museum of Science and Technology was established in 1990 with the objective of :
• Providing a historical perspective to the advancement of scientific and technological knowledge in various fields of human endeavor by means of models, experiments, demonstrations, photographs, manuscripts, geological specimens like fossils etc.
• To provide young minds at the school and college level with an opportunity to learn and rediscover scientific principles by performing experiments.
• To bring out literature, books, magazines, etc. for popularizing science and technology amongst the people at large.
• To preserve and present the history technical education in India and specially the history of the IIT system to the general public.
• To collect and preserve the cultural and anthropological records of the people of our neighborhood.
• To organize exhibitions of scientific and technical models and gadgets, creative arts and crafts etc. for the education of the common mass.
The technical models present were abandoned by various Institutes and organizations in India and abroad which have been collected for exhibition in the museum.
Fourteen open air demo experiments have been set up in a park in front of the museum for school children. More than 100 indoor exhibits and several outdoor exhibits like a hunter plane (donated by the IAF), a steam engine (donated by the Indian Railways) are on display. NMS&T organizes exhibitions quite regularly on various themes like "SPLASH" - an exhibition related to water, "GIFT OF WINGS" - on flying in air etc.
A number of books on popular science like "LASERS", "FOOD & FUN", "BRAIN WAVE", "Profiles in wisdom: Science and Indian scientists" have been published by the museum.
An archive room has been set up where documents pertaining to history of IIT Kharagpur and Midnapore district are displayed.
The museum is a financially independent entity. It welcomes donations.
The museum is run by a management committee approved by BOG, IIT Kgp.
The museum is a financially independent entity. We welcome donations in terms of money, active or passive models, gadgets on science and advanced technology, creative art and crafts, scientific and technical material for popularizing science and technology. We welcome any member from the public to join us and be a patron, life member, sustaining member and help us in our endeavor to achieve our goals
SOURCE: IIT KGP website
Jharkhand: Industries
Major Industries
Heavy Engineering
The Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC) was commissioned by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru- India's first prime minister with foreign collaboration. The Heavy Engineering Corporation has three giant manufacturing units:
Foundry Forge Plant (FFP), Heavy Machine Building Plant (HMBP) and Heavy Machine Tools Plant (HMTP). The Heavy Engineering Corporation is established in 1958 at Dhurwa and Hatia region about 10 km from Ranchi town.
The foundry forge plant was set up in collaboration with erstwhile CSSR (M/SSKODA). The plant manufacturers Heavy Castings and Forgings, Rolls for Hot and Cold Rolling Mills for steel plants.
The Heavy Machine Building Plant was set up with assistance from erstwhile USSR. Its main function is to design and manufacture equipments and spares for different sectors.
The Heavy Machine Tools Plant was set up in collaboration with erstwhile CSSR
(M/S SKODA). Its main functions are:
Design and manufacture CNC and conventional machine tools in medium and heavier ranges.
Manufacture special purpose Railway machines.
Takes up reconditioning of old machine tools.
Heavy Engineering Corporation is thus producing capital equipments, machine tools and spare parts needed in core sector industries as: Steel Plants, Ship building etc.
Coal Mining
Jharkhand is the country's richest state in coal reserves. At present Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited, with headquarters at Ranchi is engaged in the growth of coal production and development of new coal resources in the state. Central Coal fields ltd. is engaged in coal mining with scientific methods meeting the safety, quality and environmental standards.
Having a production target of 35 million tonnes of coal, it employs 95000 manpower. CCL has 60 collieries under revenue production, 5 coal washeries, Coal handling plants, workshops located in the Ranchi, Giridih, Chatra, Hazaribagh and Palau districts. Still 108 Coal mines in the state are closed, which were in operation before 1971.
Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI) located at Kanke road at Ranchi was established in 1974. It is a fully self reliant organization providing engineering and technical consultancy in the area of exploration and geological investigation, mine planning and design for construction and modernization regarding the mining of coal in the state. It also helps in mining electronics and telecommunication planning and all other matters to make coal mining more effective. Its headquarter is at Ranchi.
Indian Institute of Coal Management (IICM) established by Coal India is located at Kanke near Ranchi. It helps to motivate and provide opportunity and formal training to individual and organizations engaged in coal industry or entrepreneurs.
Bharat Cooking Coal Limited - a subsidiary of Coal India is located at Koyla Bhawan, Dhanbad. It helps at mining development of quality of cooking coal in the coalfields of the state.
Tussar Silk
40 percent of country's production of Tussar, a non-mulberry silk comes from Jharkhand State alone. The state is planning to integrate horticulture, sericulture, agriculture and productions of Lac operations under its VISION 2010 plan. This will enable the state to produce 60 percent Tussar silk production. The centre Tussar Research and Training Institute is working well in this direction.
Two main species of trees- Arjuna (Terminatra- Arjuna) and Asan (Terminatia Tementosa) are found in the large spread forest of the state. These trees are the breeding ground for the moth which produces the oval cocoon, with a fine-grained, hard, non-flossy shell. The cocoons are generally yellow or grey and are hard and compact. The cocoons are boiled in chemical solution to soften. The yarn produced is reeled.
The portion of Tussar cocoons leftover after nearly 60% reel able silk is spun into katiya yarn. Ghicha yarn and Balkal yarn is also produced from pierced cocoons. Tussar silk is gaining popularity due to unique texture and color. It is also called 'wild' silk. The silk is naturally of tan, earth and brown colours. Due to its earth colour Tussar has become a hit with the fashion world. The forest department of the state is also planning to encourage the production of Arjuna trees.
Steel Industry
Tata Steel
The Tata Iron & Steel Company Limited (TATA Steel) is one of the best managed steel companies in India. The company was set up in 1907 at Jamshedpur in Jharkhand by the patriot industrialist Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. The company is one of the lowest cost producer of steel in the world.
Energy efficient technologies, optimum utilisation of raw materials and state-of-the-art equipment have made Tata Steel India's single largest producer of sophisticated steel.
TATA Steel's all steel making facilities are located in Jamshedpur, in the state of Jharkhand. It owns several iron-ore mines, collieries and flux mines located near its plant. TATA Steel manufactures diverse range of products and offer services. The products include forging quality steel, rods, HR/CR coils and sheets, tubes, construction bars, strips and bearings, structurals, ferro alloys and other minerals, steel plant and material handling equipment, software for process control and cargo handling services.
The latest major modernisation initiatives are the reconstruction and capacity enhancement from 0.6 mtpa to 1.0 mtpa of the 43-year old "F" Blast Furnace at less than half the cost of a new blast furnace and the installation of the Submerged Entry Nozzle and Electro Magnetic Stirrer in the Biller caster # 1 of LD # 1.
A Strategic partnership has been forged with Nippon Steel Corporation and Arcelor for knowledge sharing in the Auto sector. Talks are on with Vivendi Water India Ltd. for water management, Gartner have been engaged to evolve a long term Information Technology strategy. An e-governance programme has been initiated with the help of Stern & Stewart. A new JV, TM logistics, has been formed for logistic management and port operations. The first steps in the Ferro Chrome project in South Africa have been initiated.
TATA Steel achieved its highest ever first half (April - September 2002) production by notching 1.8 MT and highest ever first half sales at Rs. 4,034.30 crores. It has also achieved highest ever first half profits after tax at Rs. 269.10 crores; an increase of 462% over last year.
TATA Steel's efforts to brand its products have reaped dividends with the sale of Tata Shaktee (GC Sheets), Tata Tiscon Rebars, Tata Bearings and Tata Pipes, growing by 15% overall. Similarly, sales to the critical Auto segment have achieved a 35% growth and the Company's market share in the Cold Rolled products was buoyant at 29%.
Lower raw material consumption by 8%, lower energy consumption by 3%, higher labour productivity by 6% and lower interest burden by 25% are some of the operational parameters that have contributed to this excellent performance.
The merger of Tata - SSL will further strengthen the Company's financial and market presence.
Bokaro Steel Plant
Bokaro Steel Plant (BSL) is situated in the coal belt and Indian engineering and equipment suppliers have played a major role in its construction - the first indigenous public sector integrated steel.
BSL has a capacity of 4 million TPA of crude steel. The quality of its products are appreciated internationally. The continuous casting facilities have been recently installed and the Hot Strip Mill have been revamped which has provided the state-of-the-art-technology to BSL for manufacturing international quality steel. It’s SMS - I, SMS -II, Continous Casting Shop, Slabbing Mill, Hot Strip Mill, Hot Rolled Coil Finishing & Cold Rolling Mill Complex have ISO: 9002 certification.
The Steel Plant had received ISO-9002 certification for most of its units.
BSL has a value added products like SAILCOR (Corrosion Resistant Steel), API Grade Steel, SAILPROP, SAILMEDS, SAILRIM, HRND, SAILMA, WTCR, BSL-46 for auto sector.
It has a capacity of 4.5 million tonnes of liquid steel & 3.78 million tonnes of saleable steel.
Product Mix Tonnes/Annum
HR Coils, Plates & Sheets 21.20 lac
CR Coils & Sheets 13.90 lac
GP/GC Sheets 1.70 lac
TMBP 1.00 lac
TOTAL SALEABLE STEEL 37.80 lac
The main products of Bokaro Steel Plant are:
Basic Grade Pig Iron.
Mild Steel Hot Rolled Sheets in Coils and Plates.
Concast Mild Steel Slabs.
Mild Sheet Cold Rolled Sheets in coils.
Prime Hot Dip Galvanised plane sheets and coils.
Prime Hot Dip Galvanised corrugated sheets.
Tin Mill Black Plates.
Usha Beltron Limited
Usha Beltron Limited (UBL) a private Jhawars-owned alloy steel manufacturing unit at Adityapur near Jamshedpur. The unit produces mild/high carbon steel and low alloy steels. These steel are used for making wire rods and wire rope at its wire rope division at Ranchi.
Usha Beltron Limited produces special grades of wire such as stainless steel wires, needle wires and shaped wires for domestic markets and the customers engaged in Automobile production, Construction industry, Power industry, Railway equipments etc. Steel wires find its application in making of Auto Tyres, Springs and industrial fasteners.
Usha Beltron limited is the largest producer of wire ropes in the south and south-east Asia. It is also among the top five manufactures of wire ropes world-wide. The wire ropes are used mainly in Mining, Oil exploration and Extraction, Bridge and other civil construction. Usha Beltron also provides the entire range of end-of-rope products like shackles and pulleys.
Information Technology
The state Government is fully committed to make Jharkhand an IT powerhouse and a front runner in the information revolution. The objective of the State Government is to accelerate the drive for setting up info - infrastructure with - Fiber optic network, satellite communication network and wireless network for seamlessly interconnecting the LII, NLL and the GLL.
The State Governments' aim to create an ambience to target for a $5 billion annual export from Jharkhand IT industry by 2010. It will create a center for excellence like IIIT and regional engineering colleges through private participation. It will also support IT support services in regional languages.
Special Incentives for IT Industry:
Exemption from environment clearance.
Exemption from zoning regulations for purposes of location.
Self - certification on compliance of several Acts.
0.25 percent rebate in allotted land cost per job created.
Rebate on registration charges and stamp duty for sale/lease of space for establishing IT infrastructure.
At least 30 percent employment for Jharkhand residents.
Special Rebate for IT Infrastructure:
90 percent rebate for facilities established and sale/leased during 2001 - 2003.
70 percent rebate during 2003 - 2004
50 percent rebate during 2004 - 2005
Tourism
Chhattisgarh, situated in the heart of India, is endowed with a rich cultural heritage and attractive natural diversity. The State is full of ancient monuments, rare wildlife, exquisitely carved temples, Buddhist sites, palaces, water falls, caves, rock paintings and hill plateaus. Most of these sites are untouched and unexplored and offer a unique and alternate experience to tourists compared to traditional destinations which have become overcrowded. Chhattisgarh offers the tourist a Destination with a Difference. For those who are tired of the crowds at major destinations, Bastar, with its unique cultural and ecological identity, will come as a breath of fresh air. The Green State of Chhattisgarh has 44% of its area under forests, and is one of the richest bio-diversity areas in the country.
The State Governments priority areas to promote tourism are:
Eco-Tourism Amusement Parks
Religious Tourism Resorts
Heritage Tourism way side amenities
Adventure Tourism
Jharkhand has every attraction for international tourist flow such as - beautiful hill station - Netarhat Wild life Sanctuary as Belta National Park, beautiful Lakes, Waterfalls, Temples, Historical Places and many more. State Government proposes to promote Air Taxi services to provide package tours.
Heavy Engineering
The Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC) was commissioned by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru- India's first prime minister with foreign collaboration. The Heavy Engineering Corporation has three giant manufacturing units:
Foundry Forge Plant (FFP), Heavy Machine Building Plant (HMBP) and Heavy Machine Tools Plant (HMTP). The Heavy Engineering Corporation is established in 1958 at Dhurwa and Hatia region about 10 km from Ranchi town.
The foundry forge plant was set up in collaboration with erstwhile CSSR (M/SSKODA). The plant manufacturers Heavy Castings and Forgings, Rolls for Hot and Cold Rolling Mills for steel plants.
The Heavy Machine Building Plant was set up with assistance from erstwhile USSR. Its main function is to design and manufacture equipments and spares for different sectors.
The Heavy Machine Tools Plant was set up in collaboration with erstwhile CSSR
(M/S SKODA). Its main functions are:
Design and manufacture CNC and conventional machine tools in medium and heavier ranges.
Manufacture special purpose Railway machines.
Takes up reconditioning of old machine tools.
Heavy Engineering Corporation is thus producing capital equipments, machine tools and spare parts needed in core sector industries as: Steel Plants, Ship building etc.
Coal Mining
Jharkhand is the country's richest state in coal reserves. At present Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited, with headquarters at Ranchi is engaged in the growth of coal production and development of new coal resources in the state. Central Coal fields ltd. is engaged in coal mining with scientific methods meeting the safety, quality and environmental standards.
Having a production target of 35 million tonnes of coal, it employs 95000 manpower. CCL has 60 collieries under revenue production, 5 coal washeries, Coal handling plants, workshops located in the Ranchi, Giridih, Chatra, Hazaribagh and Palau districts. Still 108 Coal mines in the state are closed, which were in operation before 1971.
Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI) located at Kanke road at Ranchi was established in 1974. It is a fully self reliant organization providing engineering and technical consultancy in the area of exploration and geological investigation, mine planning and design for construction and modernization regarding the mining of coal in the state. It also helps in mining electronics and telecommunication planning and all other matters to make coal mining more effective. Its headquarter is at Ranchi.
Indian Institute of Coal Management (IICM) established by Coal India is located at Kanke near Ranchi. It helps to motivate and provide opportunity and formal training to individual and organizations engaged in coal industry or entrepreneurs.
Bharat Cooking Coal Limited - a subsidiary of Coal India is located at Koyla Bhawan, Dhanbad. It helps at mining development of quality of cooking coal in the coalfields of the state.
Tussar Silk
40 percent of country's production of Tussar, a non-mulberry silk comes from Jharkhand State alone. The state is planning to integrate horticulture, sericulture, agriculture and productions of Lac operations under its VISION 2010 plan. This will enable the state to produce 60 percent Tussar silk production. The centre Tussar Research and Training Institute is working well in this direction.
Two main species of trees- Arjuna (Terminatra- Arjuna) and Asan (Terminatia Tementosa) are found in the large spread forest of the state. These trees are the breeding ground for the moth which produces the oval cocoon, with a fine-grained, hard, non-flossy shell. The cocoons are generally yellow or grey and are hard and compact. The cocoons are boiled in chemical solution to soften. The yarn produced is reeled.
The portion of Tussar cocoons leftover after nearly 60% reel able silk is spun into katiya yarn. Ghicha yarn and Balkal yarn is also produced from pierced cocoons. Tussar silk is gaining popularity due to unique texture and color. It is also called 'wild' silk. The silk is naturally of tan, earth and brown colours. Due to its earth colour Tussar has become a hit with the fashion world. The forest department of the state is also planning to encourage the production of Arjuna trees.
Steel Industry
Tata Steel
The Tata Iron & Steel Company Limited (TATA Steel) is one of the best managed steel companies in India. The company was set up in 1907 at Jamshedpur in Jharkhand by the patriot industrialist Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. The company is one of the lowest cost producer of steel in the world.
Energy efficient technologies, optimum utilisation of raw materials and state-of-the-art equipment have made Tata Steel India's single largest producer of sophisticated steel.
TATA Steel's all steel making facilities are located in Jamshedpur, in the state of Jharkhand. It owns several iron-ore mines, collieries and flux mines located near its plant. TATA Steel manufactures diverse range of products and offer services. The products include forging quality steel, rods, HR/CR coils and sheets, tubes, construction bars, strips and bearings, structurals, ferro alloys and other minerals, steel plant and material handling equipment, software for process control and cargo handling services.
The latest major modernisation initiatives are the reconstruction and capacity enhancement from 0.6 mtpa to 1.0 mtpa of the 43-year old "F" Blast Furnace at less than half the cost of a new blast furnace and the installation of the Submerged Entry Nozzle and Electro Magnetic Stirrer in the Biller caster # 1 of LD # 1.
A Strategic partnership has been forged with Nippon Steel Corporation and Arcelor for knowledge sharing in the Auto sector. Talks are on with Vivendi Water India Ltd. for water management, Gartner have been engaged to evolve a long term Information Technology strategy. An e-governance programme has been initiated with the help of Stern & Stewart. A new JV, TM logistics, has been formed for logistic management and port operations. The first steps in the Ferro Chrome project in South Africa have been initiated.
TATA Steel achieved its highest ever first half (April - September 2002) production by notching 1.8 MT and highest ever first half sales at Rs. 4,034.30 crores. It has also achieved highest ever first half profits after tax at Rs. 269.10 crores; an increase of 462% over last year.
TATA Steel's efforts to brand its products have reaped dividends with the sale of Tata Shaktee (GC Sheets), Tata Tiscon Rebars, Tata Bearings and Tata Pipes, growing by 15% overall. Similarly, sales to the critical Auto segment have achieved a 35% growth and the Company's market share in the Cold Rolled products was buoyant at 29%.
Lower raw material consumption by 8%, lower energy consumption by 3%, higher labour productivity by 6% and lower interest burden by 25% are some of the operational parameters that have contributed to this excellent performance.
The merger of Tata - SSL will further strengthen the Company's financial and market presence.
Bokaro Steel Plant
Bokaro Steel Plant (BSL) is situated in the coal belt and Indian engineering and equipment suppliers have played a major role in its construction - the first indigenous public sector integrated steel.
BSL has a capacity of 4 million TPA of crude steel. The quality of its products are appreciated internationally. The continuous casting facilities have been recently installed and the Hot Strip Mill have been revamped which has provided the state-of-the-art-technology to BSL for manufacturing international quality steel. It’s SMS - I, SMS -II, Continous Casting Shop, Slabbing Mill, Hot Strip Mill, Hot Rolled Coil Finishing & Cold Rolling Mill Complex have ISO: 9002 certification.
The Steel Plant had received ISO-9002 certification for most of its units.
BSL has a value added products like SAILCOR (Corrosion Resistant Steel), API Grade Steel, SAILPROP, SAILMEDS, SAILRIM, HRND, SAILMA, WTCR, BSL-46 for auto sector.
It has a capacity of 4.5 million tonnes of liquid steel & 3.78 million tonnes of saleable steel.
Product Mix Tonnes/Annum
HR Coils, Plates & Sheets 21.20 lac
CR Coils & Sheets 13.90 lac
GP/GC Sheets 1.70 lac
TMBP 1.00 lac
TOTAL SALEABLE STEEL 37.80 lac
The main products of Bokaro Steel Plant are:
Basic Grade Pig Iron.
Mild Steel Hot Rolled Sheets in Coils and Plates.
Concast Mild Steel Slabs.
Mild Sheet Cold Rolled Sheets in coils.
Prime Hot Dip Galvanised plane sheets and coils.
Prime Hot Dip Galvanised corrugated sheets.
Tin Mill Black Plates.
Usha Beltron Limited
Usha Beltron Limited (UBL) a private Jhawars-owned alloy steel manufacturing unit at Adityapur near Jamshedpur. The unit produces mild/high carbon steel and low alloy steels. These steel are used for making wire rods and wire rope at its wire rope division at Ranchi.
Usha Beltron Limited produces special grades of wire such as stainless steel wires, needle wires and shaped wires for domestic markets and the customers engaged in Automobile production, Construction industry, Power industry, Railway equipments etc. Steel wires find its application in making of Auto Tyres, Springs and industrial fasteners.
Usha Beltron limited is the largest producer of wire ropes in the south and south-east Asia. It is also among the top five manufactures of wire ropes world-wide. The wire ropes are used mainly in Mining, Oil exploration and Extraction, Bridge and other civil construction. Usha Beltron also provides the entire range of end-of-rope products like shackles and pulleys.
Information Technology
The state Government is fully committed to make Jharkhand an IT powerhouse and a front runner in the information revolution. The objective of the State Government is to accelerate the drive for setting up info - infrastructure with - Fiber optic network, satellite communication network and wireless network for seamlessly interconnecting the LII, NLL and the GLL.
The State Governments' aim to create an ambience to target for a $5 billion annual export from Jharkhand IT industry by 2010. It will create a center for excellence like IIIT and regional engineering colleges through private participation. It will also support IT support services in regional languages.
Special Incentives for IT Industry:
Exemption from environment clearance.
Exemption from zoning regulations for purposes of location.
Self - certification on compliance of several Acts.
0.25 percent rebate in allotted land cost per job created.
Rebate on registration charges and stamp duty for sale/lease of space for establishing IT infrastructure.
At least 30 percent employment for Jharkhand residents.
Special Rebate for IT Infrastructure:
90 percent rebate for facilities established and sale/leased during 2001 - 2003.
70 percent rebate during 2003 - 2004
50 percent rebate during 2004 - 2005
Tourism
Chhattisgarh, situated in the heart of India, is endowed with a rich cultural heritage and attractive natural diversity. The State is full of ancient monuments, rare wildlife, exquisitely carved temples, Buddhist sites, palaces, water falls, caves, rock paintings and hill plateaus. Most of these sites are untouched and unexplored and offer a unique and alternate experience to tourists compared to traditional destinations which have become overcrowded. Chhattisgarh offers the tourist a Destination with a Difference. For those who are tired of the crowds at major destinations, Bastar, with its unique cultural and ecological identity, will come as a breath of fresh air. The Green State of Chhattisgarh has 44% of its area under forests, and is one of the richest bio-diversity areas in the country.
The State Governments priority areas to promote tourism are:
Eco-Tourism Amusement Parks
Religious Tourism Resorts
Heritage Tourism way side amenities
Adventure Tourism
Jharkhand has every attraction for international tourist flow such as - beautiful hill station - Netarhat Wild life Sanctuary as Belta National Park, beautiful Lakes, Waterfalls, Temples, Historical Places and many more. State Government proposes to promote Air Taxi services to provide package tours.
History Of IIT Kharagpur
Institute History
The history of the IIT system dates back to 1946 when a committee was set up by Hon'ble Sir Jogendra Singh, Member of the Viceroy's Executive Council, Department of Education, Health and Agriculture to consider the setting up of Higher Technical Institutions for post war industrial development in India. The 22 member committee headed by Sri N.R.Sarkar, in its report, recommended the establishment of four Higher Technical Institutions in the Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern regions, possibly on the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, with a number of secondary institutions affiliated to it. The report also urged the speedy establishment of all the four institutions with the ones in the East and the West to be started immediately. The committee also felt that such institutes would not only produce undergraduates but they should be engaged in research, producing research workers and technical teachers as well. The standard of the graduates should be at par with those from first class institutions abroad. They felt that the proportion of undergraduates and postgraduate students should be 2:1.
With the above recommendations of the Sarkar committee in view, the first Indian Institute of Technology was born in May 1950 in Hijli, Kharagpur, in the eastern part of India.
Initially the IIT started functioning from 5, Esplanade East, Calcutta and very soon shifted to Hijli in Sept. 1950. The present name 'Indian Institute of Technology' was adopted before the formal inauguration of the Institute on August 18, 1951, by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
IIT Kharagpur started its journey in the old Hijli Detention Camp where some of our great freedom fighters toiled and sacrificed their lives for the independence of our country.
The history of IIT Kharagpur is thus intimately linked with the history of the Hijli Detention Camp. This is possibly one of the very few Institutions all over the world which started life in a prison house.
Pandit Nehru in his first convocation address in 1956 said "Here in the place of that Hijli Detention Camp stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges, India’s future in the making. This picture seems to me symbolical of the changes that are coming to India."
About the Detention Camp
The district of Midnapore along with rest of Bengal and India took part in a very significant way in the revolutionary struggle against the British Raj from the early 20th century.
The large number of youth who participated in the armed struggle or the non cooperation movement could not be accommodated in ordinary jails. The then British Government decided to establish a few detention camps - the first one was located in Buxa Fort which was followed by the setting up of the Hijli Detention Camp in 1930. The Hijli Detention Camp bears a very significant mark in our freedom movement. Two unarmed detainees were shot dead here by the British Police on Sept. 16, 1931. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose came to Hijli for collecting the bodies of the two great sons of the freedom movement - Santosh Kumar Mitra and Tarakeswar Sengupta. All the national leaders including Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore voiced their strong protests against the British Raj over this incident.
The Hijli Detention Camp was closed in 1937 and was reopened again in 1940 to detain the freedom fighters without trial. In 1942 the camp was again closed and the detainees were transferred elsewhere.
IIT in it's Infancy
There were 224 fresher and 42 teachers in August 1951 when the first session started. The class rooms, laboratories and the Administrative office were housed in the historic building of the Hijli Detention Camp. The Institute started its academic programme with only ten Departments. On March, 1952, Pandit Nehru laid the foundation stone of the New Building.
The layout of the present campus and the design of our buildings were carried out by a host of engineers and architects under the guidance of an eminent Swiss architect Dr. Werner M. Moser.
A large amount of financial help was available for procuring a number of machine tools from the ministry of industry and supply. The Institute Workshop was supposed to be one of the best in the country.
The Institute was fortunate enough to have Sir J.C.Ghosh, an eminent Scientist as its first Director under whose able stewardship the Institute grew in its formative years. The first Board of Governors was constituted with Dr. B.C. Roy, as the chairman and Mr. N.R.Sarkar, Sir Jehangir J. Gandhi, Dr. Tarachand, Mr. K.R.K. Menon, Mr. T. Sivasankar, Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar, Mr. H. Kabir and Dr. J.C. Ghosh as members. Some eminent scholars from Europe had joined this Institute in its formative years and the first two of them were Prof. R.A. Kraus and Prof.H. Tischner, who was incidentally the first Head of Electronics and ECE Department.
On Sept. 15, 1956, the Parliament of India passed an act known as the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act declaring this Institute as an Institute of national importance. The Institute was also given the status of an autonomous University. From this modest start in 1950, IIT Kharagpur has been engaged in a steady process of development with about 18 academic departments, five centres of excellence. The vast tree-laden campus, spreading over 2100 acres has a self contained township of over 15,000 inhabitants. Currently IIT Kharagpur have about 450 faculty, 2200 employees and 2700 students on the campus.
SOURCE:IIT KGP website
The history of the IIT system dates back to 1946 when a committee was set up by Hon'ble Sir Jogendra Singh, Member of the Viceroy's Executive Council, Department of Education, Health and Agriculture to consider the setting up of Higher Technical Institutions for post war industrial development in India. The 22 member committee headed by Sri N.R.Sarkar, in its report, recommended the establishment of four Higher Technical Institutions in the Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern regions, possibly on the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, with a number of secondary institutions affiliated to it. The report also urged the speedy establishment of all the four institutions with the ones in the East and the West to be started immediately. The committee also felt that such institutes would not only produce undergraduates but they should be engaged in research, producing research workers and technical teachers as well. The standard of the graduates should be at par with those from first class institutions abroad. They felt that the proportion of undergraduates and postgraduate students should be 2:1.
With the above recommendations of the Sarkar committee in view, the first Indian Institute of Technology was born in May 1950 in Hijli, Kharagpur, in the eastern part of India.
Initially the IIT started functioning from 5, Esplanade East, Calcutta and very soon shifted to Hijli in Sept. 1950. The present name 'Indian Institute of Technology' was adopted before the formal inauguration of the Institute on August 18, 1951, by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
IIT Kharagpur started its journey in the old Hijli Detention Camp where some of our great freedom fighters toiled and sacrificed their lives for the independence of our country.
The history of IIT Kharagpur is thus intimately linked with the history of the Hijli Detention Camp. This is possibly one of the very few Institutions all over the world which started life in a prison house.
Pandit Nehru in his first convocation address in 1956 said "Here in the place of that Hijli Detention Camp stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges, India’s future in the making. This picture seems to me symbolical of the changes that are coming to India."
About the Detention Camp
The district of Midnapore along with rest of Bengal and India took part in a very significant way in the revolutionary struggle against the British Raj from the early 20th century.
The large number of youth who participated in the armed struggle or the non cooperation movement could not be accommodated in ordinary jails. The then British Government decided to establish a few detention camps - the first one was located in Buxa Fort which was followed by the setting up of the Hijli Detention Camp in 1930. The Hijli Detention Camp bears a very significant mark in our freedom movement. Two unarmed detainees were shot dead here by the British Police on Sept. 16, 1931. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose came to Hijli for collecting the bodies of the two great sons of the freedom movement - Santosh Kumar Mitra and Tarakeswar Sengupta. All the national leaders including Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore voiced their strong protests against the British Raj over this incident.
The Hijli Detention Camp was closed in 1937 and was reopened again in 1940 to detain the freedom fighters without trial. In 1942 the camp was again closed and the detainees were transferred elsewhere.
IIT in it's Infancy
There were 224 fresher and 42 teachers in August 1951 when the first session started. The class rooms, laboratories and the Administrative office were housed in the historic building of the Hijli Detention Camp. The Institute started its academic programme with only ten Departments. On March, 1952, Pandit Nehru laid the foundation stone of the New Building.
The layout of the present campus and the design of our buildings were carried out by a host of engineers and architects under the guidance of an eminent Swiss architect Dr. Werner M. Moser.
A large amount of financial help was available for procuring a number of machine tools from the ministry of industry and supply. The Institute Workshop was supposed to be one of the best in the country.
The Institute was fortunate enough to have Sir J.C.Ghosh, an eminent Scientist as its first Director under whose able stewardship the Institute grew in its formative years. The first Board of Governors was constituted with Dr. B.C. Roy, as the chairman and Mr. N.R.Sarkar, Sir Jehangir J. Gandhi, Dr. Tarachand, Mr. K.R.K. Menon, Mr. T. Sivasankar, Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar, Mr. H. Kabir and Dr. J.C. Ghosh as members. Some eminent scholars from Europe had joined this Institute in its formative years and the first two of them were Prof. R.A. Kraus and Prof.H. Tischner, who was incidentally the first Head of Electronics and ECE Department.
On Sept. 15, 1956, the Parliament of India passed an act known as the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act declaring this Institute as an Institute of national importance. The Institute was also given the status of an autonomous University. From this modest start in 1950, IIT Kharagpur has been engaged in a steady process of development with about 18 academic departments, five centres of excellence. The vast tree-laden campus, spreading over 2100 acres has a self contained township of over 15,000 inhabitants. Currently IIT Kharagpur have about 450 faculty, 2200 employees and 2700 students on the campus.
SOURCE:IIT KGP website
Thursday, March 1, 2007
Jharkhand: Mining & Mineral Sector
MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES
The availability of abundant mineral resources has led to the setting up of a number of industries in the State which include, inter alia, iron & steel, cement, coke ovens, washeries, refractories, alumina, sponge iron, ceramic, graphite processing, granite cutting and polishing etc.
The State Industrial Policy (SIP) has categorized the mineral based industries as a thrust area. The SIP also lays down the policy instruments, strategy and infrastructural support for establishment of such projects.
COAL
The State of Jharkhand is endowed with 72.2 Billion Tonnes of coal of all categories. This is distributed in 12 Major Coalfields. The maturity of coal varies from meta lignitous coal of low rank to Semi anthracitic coal. Jharkhand is the only State, which is having prime coking coal, which with or without washing can be directly fed to Coke oven for making metallurgical coke. Jharkhand State Mineral Development Corporation Ltd., (JSMDC Ltd.), and four major Companies of Coal India Ltd., viz Central Coalfields Limited, Bharat Coking Coal Ltd., Eastern Coalfields Limited and Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. are contributing to the production of coal. Other entrepreneurs like Tata Steel, Tenughat Vidyut Nigam Ltd. and Damodar Valley Corporation are also having their captive mines in the State. As is well known, the major resources of coal in the country are with high ash contents. As per the guidelines of MOEF, the coal to be transported beyond 1000 Km has to be washed to 34% ash. The State supplies about 70 MT of coal for Thermal Power Stations located in various parts of the country. There is a vast scope for establishing washeries both for the Coking coal and Non-coking coal in the State. For this, JSMDC is being geared up for entering into a joint venture with private entrepreneur. The washing of the coal is also required for supply of 24-25% ash coal to Sponge Iron Plants, which are being set up on large scale in the State. The State has vast resources of deep-seated coal deposits which are being tapped for Coal Bed Methane. The future lies in the underground gasification of coals which are difficult to reach physically. The technologies like coal liquefaction are also on anvil and there is a scope to develop it.
IRON & STEEL
Iron Ore: The state is endowed with deposits of Iron Ores of both, Hematite & Magnetite. The Hematite deposits are mainly located in the West Singhbhum District and have a resource base exceeding 3700 Million Tonnes. These have been explored only in pockets by large industry houses in their lease hold. There is a very good scope of enlarging this resource base by further exploration. The Magnetite Deposits are located in the East Singhbhum, Latehar & Palamu districts. They comprise lenticular ore bodies as well as Schist rocks with 80 to 36% magnetic. The exploration of these bodies is yet to be taken up. The existing steel mills are sourcing their iron ore (Hematite) from West Singhbhum. The Magnetite ore is being used in heavy media coal washeries & paints.
ALUMINA & ALUMINIUM
Jharkhand holds a very large potential of bauxite amounting to a reserve of 68.1 MT. Though most of the mined bauxite is targeted for metallurgical purposes for the extraction of metal aluminium, it has variety of uses in other industries, such as, abrasive, alloy-steel, aluminium, cement, ceramic, chemical, ferro-alloys, iron and steel, petroleum refining, refractory and vanaspati products, creating opportunities for various industries in small, medium and large scale.
LIMESTONE
Limestone mining in India takes its place next to coal mining. It is mainly utilized for the manufacture of cement. Next to cement industry, its potential consumers are the chemical and Iron & Steel industries. Total reserve of Limestone in Jharkhand is 511.104 MT. The deposits occur in Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Pakur, Garhwa, Ranchi, Giridih and Bokaro districts. Production of Limestone during 2001-02 in Jharkhand was 2.13 million tonnes.
GEM STONE
There is good scope for setting up a number of gem based industries in the State.
MINOR MINERALS
There is scope for value addition activities in respect of minor minerals, such as stone crushing, brick making, etc. in SSI sector.
STATUS OF OTHER MINERALS IN STATE THAT CREATE SEVERAL OPPORTUNITIES
Barytes
Barytes occurs in the shape of narrow veins and lenticular patches in Singhbhum and Ranchi Districts. It also occurs as thin veinlets in Palamau district within silicified shale of Lower Vindhyans. Jharkhand has a total known resources of 15 thousand tonnes of Barytes. Barytes production In Jharkhand is only 0.2% of total production in India. So, there is ample potentiality of small scale mining in Jharkhand.
Clay
a. China clay: Jharkhand is an important china clay producer in India and it has great potential with total reserve of 45.335 MT.
b. Fire clay: Fireclay beds are associated with coal seams in Gondwana rocks of Chhotanagpur terrain. The fireclays of Jharia coalfield are of good refractory quality. Fireclay is also reported from Dhanbad, Dumka, Giridih, Hazaribagh, Palamu, Singhbhum and Ranchi districts. Total reserve of fireclay in Jharkhand is 03.45 MT.
Felspar
Felspar occurs as abundant mineral in pegmetites of Bihar-Jharkhand mica belt. Total reserve of feldspar in Jharkhand is 2.19 MT. The major feldspar reserves in Jharkhand are Hazaribagh, Palamau, Kodarma, Deoghar, Giridih and Dhanbad districts. Production of Felspar can be boosted through small-scale mining and industries developed locally.
Garnet
Occurrences of major massive garnet (granitite) rock at isolated localities in Chhotanagpur granite gneiss terrain were earlier reported. Massive garnet rock occurs in concentrated clusters at several places to the east of Hazaribagh. Total reserve of garnet in Jharkhand is 72 thousand tonnes and entirely confined in Hazaribagh district.
Graphite
Graphite, is a soft crystalline form of naturally occurring carbon. Occurrences of Graphite in Jharkhand are entirely confined to Palamu, Garhwa & Latehar district. Its grade few places interms of fixed carbon varies from 20% to 75%. In most of the occurrences, it occurs as dissemination in graphite schist and its content in the rock varies from 15% to 30%. Jharkhand has a reserve of 6.39 MT of graphite ore.
Kyanite
Kyanite occurs in Jharkhand in East Singhbhum and Kharsawan- Saraikela districts and its reserve in this region is 0.90 MT. It occurs either in massive form or as Quartz-Kyanite rock.
Dolomite
The reserve of Dolomite in Jharkhand has been estimated at 29.86 MT. This deposit is confined in Garhwa and Palamau districts.
Mica
Kodarma Mica Belt is the biggest mica track in the country and occupies about 145.74 Sq.Km of area and lies nearly north of Kodarma Railway Station. The major area of mica deposits is in Kodarma, Giridih and Hazaribagh districts. The production during the year 1999-2000 was 267 tonnes of mica crude and 222 tonnes of mica waste & scrape.
Quartz and Silica Sand
Jharkhand has got a reserve of 0.96 MT of quartz and silica sand. It occurs in Dhanbad, Ranchi, Deoghar, Palamau, Dumka, Giridih, Kodarma and Hazaribagh districts.
Quartzite
The entire quartzite deposit is confined in East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum (Chaibasa) and Seraikella-Kharsawan districts. Total reserve of quartzite is 37.22 MT. Total production of quartzite during the year 1999-2000 was 11,725 tonnes which is 18.72% of total quartzite production in India.
The availability of abundant mineral resources has led to the setting up of a number of industries in the State which include, inter alia, iron & steel, cement, coke ovens, washeries, refractories, alumina, sponge iron, ceramic, graphite processing, granite cutting and polishing etc.
The State Industrial Policy (SIP) has categorized the mineral based industries as a thrust area. The SIP also lays down the policy instruments, strategy and infrastructural support for establishment of such projects.
COAL
The State of Jharkhand is endowed with 72.2 Billion Tonnes of coal of all categories. This is distributed in 12 Major Coalfields. The maturity of coal varies from meta lignitous coal of low rank to Semi anthracitic coal. Jharkhand is the only State, which is having prime coking coal, which with or without washing can be directly fed to Coke oven for making metallurgical coke. Jharkhand State Mineral Development Corporation Ltd., (JSMDC Ltd.), and four major Companies of Coal India Ltd., viz Central Coalfields Limited, Bharat Coking Coal Ltd., Eastern Coalfields Limited and Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. are contributing to the production of coal. Other entrepreneurs like Tata Steel, Tenughat Vidyut Nigam Ltd. and Damodar Valley Corporation are also having their captive mines in the State. As is well known, the major resources of coal in the country are with high ash contents. As per the guidelines of MOEF, the coal to be transported beyond 1000 Km has to be washed to 34% ash. The State supplies about 70 MT of coal for Thermal Power Stations located in various parts of the country. There is a vast scope for establishing washeries both for the Coking coal and Non-coking coal in the State. For this, JSMDC is being geared up for entering into a joint venture with private entrepreneur. The washing of the coal is also required for supply of 24-25% ash coal to Sponge Iron Plants, which are being set up on large scale in the State. The State has vast resources of deep-seated coal deposits which are being tapped for Coal Bed Methane. The future lies in the underground gasification of coals which are difficult to reach physically. The technologies like coal liquefaction are also on anvil and there is a scope to develop it.
IRON & STEEL
Iron Ore: The state is endowed with deposits of Iron Ores of both, Hematite & Magnetite. The Hematite deposits are mainly located in the West Singhbhum District and have a resource base exceeding 3700 Million Tonnes. These have been explored only in pockets by large industry houses in their lease hold. There is a very good scope of enlarging this resource base by further exploration. The Magnetite Deposits are located in the East Singhbhum, Latehar & Palamu districts. They comprise lenticular ore bodies as well as Schist rocks with 80 to 36% magnetic. The exploration of these bodies is yet to be taken up. The existing steel mills are sourcing their iron ore (Hematite) from West Singhbhum. The Magnetite ore is being used in heavy media coal washeries & paints.
ALUMINA & ALUMINIUM
Jharkhand holds a very large potential of bauxite amounting to a reserve of 68.1 MT. Though most of the mined bauxite is targeted for metallurgical purposes for the extraction of metal aluminium, it has variety of uses in other industries, such as, abrasive, alloy-steel, aluminium, cement, ceramic, chemical, ferro-alloys, iron and steel, petroleum refining, refractory and vanaspati products, creating opportunities for various industries in small, medium and large scale.
LIMESTONE
Limestone mining in India takes its place next to coal mining. It is mainly utilized for the manufacture of cement. Next to cement industry, its potential consumers are the chemical and Iron & Steel industries. Total reserve of Limestone in Jharkhand is 511.104 MT. The deposits occur in Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Pakur, Garhwa, Ranchi, Giridih and Bokaro districts. Production of Limestone during 2001-02 in Jharkhand was 2.13 million tonnes.
GEM STONE
There is good scope for setting up a number of gem based industries in the State.
MINOR MINERALS
There is scope for value addition activities in respect of minor minerals, such as stone crushing, brick making, etc. in SSI sector.
STATUS OF OTHER MINERALS IN STATE THAT CREATE SEVERAL OPPORTUNITIES
Barytes
Barytes occurs in the shape of narrow veins and lenticular patches in Singhbhum and Ranchi Districts. It also occurs as thin veinlets in Palamau district within silicified shale of Lower Vindhyans. Jharkhand has a total known resources of 15 thousand tonnes of Barytes. Barytes production In Jharkhand is only 0.2% of total production in India. So, there is ample potentiality of small scale mining in Jharkhand.
Clay
a. China clay: Jharkhand is an important china clay producer in India and it has great potential with total reserve of 45.335 MT.
b. Fire clay: Fireclay beds are associated with coal seams in Gondwana rocks of Chhotanagpur terrain. The fireclays of Jharia coalfield are of good refractory quality. Fireclay is also reported from Dhanbad, Dumka, Giridih, Hazaribagh, Palamu, Singhbhum and Ranchi districts. Total reserve of fireclay in Jharkhand is 03.45 MT.
Felspar
Felspar occurs as abundant mineral in pegmetites of Bihar-Jharkhand mica belt. Total reserve of feldspar in Jharkhand is 2.19 MT. The major feldspar reserves in Jharkhand are Hazaribagh, Palamau, Kodarma, Deoghar, Giridih and Dhanbad districts. Production of Felspar can be boosted through small-scale mining and industries developed locally.
Garnet
Occurrences of major massive garnet (granitite) rock at isolated localities in Chhotanagpur granite gneiss terrain were earlier reported. Massive garnet rock occurs in concentrated clusters at several places to the east of Hazaribagh. Total reserve of garnet in Jharkhand is 72 thousand tonnes and entirely confined in Hazaribagh district.
Graphite
Graphite, is a soft crystalline form of naturally occurring carbon. Occurrences of Graphite in Jharkhand are entirely confined to Palamu, Garhwa & Latehar district. Its grade few places interms of fixed carbon varies from 20% to 75%. In most of the occurrences, it occurs as dissemination in graphite schist and its content in the rock varies from 15% to 30%. Jharkhand has a reserve of 6.39 MT of graphite ore.
Kyanite
Kyanite occurs in Jharkhand in East Singhbhum and Kharsawan- Saraikela districts and its reserve in this region is 0.90 MT. It occurs either in massive form or as Quartz-Kyanite rock.
Dolomite
The reserve of Dolomite in Jharkhand has been estimated at 29.86 MT. This deposit is confined in Garhwa and Palamau districts.
Mica
Kodarma Mica Belt is the biggest mica track in the country and occupies about 145.74 Sq.Km of area and lies nearly north of Kodarma Railway Station. The major area of mica deposits is in Kodarma, Giridih and Hazaribagh districts. The production during the year 1999-2000 was 267 tonnes of mica crude and 222 tonnes of mica waste & scrape.
Quartz and Silica Sand
Jharkhand has got a reserve of 0.96 MT of quartz and silica sand. It occurs in Dhanbad, Ranchi, Deoghar, Palamau, Dumka, Giridih, Kodarma and Hazaribagh districts.
Quartzite
The entire quartzite deposit is confined in East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum (Chaibasa) and Seraikella-Kharsawan districts. Total reserve of quartzite is 37.22 MT. Total production of quartzite during the year 1999-2000 was 11,725 tonnes which is 18.72% of total quartzite production in India.
Jharkhand: Minerals
· Jharkhand has large deposits of minerals.
· 40% of the total minerals of the country are available in the state.
· The state is the sole producer of cooking coal, Uranium and Pyrite.
· It ranks first in the production of coal, mica, Kyanite and copper in India.
· The geological exploration and exploitation of gold, silver, base metals precious stones etc. are the potential areas of futures.
Mineral Reserves - Quantum, Location & Uses
Minerals Quantum('000t) Location/ Uses
Apatite 3070 Singhbhum/ Mineral Fertilizers,Gem stones
Asbestos 40 Roroburu, Singhbhum/ Pipes, Sheets,Gloves, Ropes
Barytes 15 Singhbhum/ Hydrated Alumina
Bauxite 68135 Palamu,Ranchi,Gumla,Lohardaga/Alum,Aluminium,
Refractory industry,Imery
China clay 45930 Lohardaga,Ranchi,Dumka,sahibganj,Singhbhum/
Crockery,glass
Chromite 334 Singhbhum/ Chrome magnesite refractory
Coal 6208485 Jharia,Bokaro,Karanpura,Hutur,Auranga,
Daltonganj,Deoghar,Rajmahal Coal Fields
Cobalt(m.t) 9.00 Singhbhum/ Extraction of Cobalt Oxide
Copper Ore 108690 Singhbhum,Giridih/ Copper
Dolomite 29864 Palamu,Garhwa/ Cements,Magnesia,Building Stone
Felspar 5152 Dumka,Hazaribagh,Deoghar/Crockery Wares,
Glazed Tiles,Refractories
Fireclay 50462 Dhanbad,Hazaribagh,Palamu,Bokaro,Giridh,Ramgarh/ Firebricks,Stoneware crockeries
Garnet 72 Hazaribagh/ Beads,as gemstone
Gold Ore 7.20 Ranchi,Singhbhum/ Gold
Granite('000cm.m) 19105 Dumka,Godda,Deoghar,Ranchi,DAltonganj/ Granite Tiles
Graphite 389678 Palamu/ Graphite powder,pencils,crucibles
Iron Ore 308326 Singhbhum,Palamu/ Iron
Kyanite 90 Singhbhum/ High Alumina Refractories
Limestone 964917 Hazaribag,Santhal Pragana,Palamu,Singhbhum,Ranchi/ Lime,Fertilizer,Cement
Manganese Ore 2363 Singhbhum/ Manganese
Mica 13554 Koderma,Giridh,Hazaribagh/ InsulationBricks,Mica Powder
Nickel Ore 9.00 Singhbhum/ Nickel
Quartz(silica sand) 136429 Singhbhum,Dumka,Hazaribag,Deogarh,Palamu,Sahidganj/ Glass,Crokery Ware,Glaze,Acid Resistant Bricks and Tiles
Quarzite 219842 Singhbhum/ Same and Gemstone
Talc/ Stealite/Soapstone 289 Singhbhum,Giridh/ Talcom Powder,Wall Tile,Electrical Insulators,Cookware
Vermiculate(t) 15024 Singhbhum/ Insulation Brick
· 40% of the total minerals of the country are available in the state.
· The state is the sole producer of cooking coal, Uranium and Pyrite.
· It ranks first in the production of coal, mica, Kyanite and copper in India.
· The geological exploration and exploitation of gold, silver, base metals precious stones etc. are the potential areas of futures.
Mineral Reserves - Quantum, Location & Uses
Minerals Quantum('000t) Location/ Uses
Apatite 3070 Singhbhum/ Mineral Fertilizers,Gem stones
Asbestos 40 Roroburu, Singhbhum/ Pipes, Sheets,Gloves, Ropes
Barytes 15 Singhbhum/ Hydrated Alumina
Bauxite 68135 Palamu,Ranchi,Gumla,Lohardaga/Alum,Aluminium,
Refractory industry,Imery
China clay 45930 Lohardaga,Ranchi,Dumka,sahibganj,Singhbhum/
Crockery,glass
Chromite 334 Singhbhum/ Chrome magnesite refractory
Coal 6208485 Jharia,Bokaro,Karanpura,Hutur,Auranga,
Daltonganj,Deoghar,Rajmahal Coal Fields
Cobalt(m.t) 9.00 Singhbhum/ Extraction of Cobalt Oxide
Copper Ore 108690 Singhbhum,Giridih/ Copper
Dolomite 29864 Palamu,Garhwa/ Cements,Magnesia,Building Stone
Felspar 5152 Dumka,Hazaribagh,Deoghar/Crockery Wares,
Glazed Tiles,Refractories
Fireclay 50462 Dhanbad,Hazaribagh,Palamu,Bokaro,Giridh,Ramgarh/ Firebricks,Stoneware crockeries
Garnet 72 Hazaribagh/ Beads,as gemstone
Gold Ore 7.20 Ranchi,Singhbhum/ Gold
Granite('000cm.m) 19105 Dumka,Godda,Deoghar,Ranchi,DAltonganj/ Granite Tiles
Graphite 389678 Palamu/ Graphite powder,pencils,crucibles
Iron Ore 308326 Singhbhum,Palamu/ Iron
Kyanite 90 Singhbhum/ High Alumina Refractories
Limestone 964917 Hazaribag,Santhal Pragana,Palamu,Singhbhum,Ranchi/ Lime,Fertilizer,Cement
Manganese Ore 2363 Singhbhum/ Manganese
Mica 13554 Koderma,Giridh,Hazaribagh/ InsulationBricks,Mica Powder
Nickel Ore 9.00 Singhbhum/ Nickel
Quartz(silica sand) 136429 Singhbhum,Dumka,Hazaribag,Deogarh,Palamu,Sahidganj/ Glass,Crokery Ware,Glaze,Acid Resistant Bricks and Tiles
Quarzite 219842 Singhbhum/ Same and Gemstone
Talc/ Stealite/Soapstone 289 Singhbhum,Giridh/ Talcom Powder,Wall Tile,Electrical Insulators,Cookware
Vermiculate(t) 15024 Singhbhum/ Insulation Brick
History of Google
Google began as a research project in January 1996 by Larry Page, a Ph.D. student at Stanford. Larry was soon joined in his research project by Sergey Brin a fellow Stanford Ph.D. student and close friend. Larry Page hypothesized that a search engine that analyzed the relationships between websites would produce better results than existing techniques (existing search engines at the time essentially ranked results according to how many times the search term appeared on a page). It was originally nicknamed, "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate a site's importance. A small search engine called RankDex was already exploring a similar strategy.
Convinced that the pages with the most links to them from other highly relevant Web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine. Originally the search engine used the Stanford website with the domain google.stanford.edu. The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997. They formally incorporated their company, Google Inc., on September 7, 1998 at a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California.
In March 1999, the company moved into offices at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups. After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company leased a complex of buildings in Mountain View at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 1999. The company has remained at this location ever since, and the complex has since become known as the Googleplex (a play on the word googolplex, a 1 followed by a googol of zeros). In 2006, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.
The Google search engine attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design. In 2000, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords. The ads were text-based to maintain an uncluttered page design and to maximize page loading speed. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bid and clickthroughs, with bidding starting at $.05 per click.[9] This model of selling keyword advertising was pioneered by Goto.com (later renamed Overture Services, before being acquired by Yahoo! and rebranded as Yahoo! Search Marketing).While many of its dot-com rivals failed in the new Internet marketplace, Google quietly rose in stature while generating revenue.
A patent describing part of Google's ranking mechanism (PageRank) was granted on September 4, 2001. The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor.
Convinced that the pages with the most links to them from other highly relevant Web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine. Originally the search engine used the Stanford website with the domain google.stanford.edu. The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997. They formally incorporated their company, Google Inc., on September 7, 1998 at a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California.
In March 1999, the company moved into offices at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups. After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company leased a complex of buildings in Mountain View at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 1999. The company has remained at this location ever since, and the complex has since become known as the Googleplex (a play on the word googolplex, a 1 followed by a googol of zeros). In 2006, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.
The Google search engine attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design. In 2000, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords. The ads were text-based to maintain an uncluttered page design and to maximize page loading speed. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bid and clickthroughs, with bidding starting at $.05 per click.[9] This model of selling keyword advertising was pioneered by Goto.com (later renamed Overture Services, before being acquired by Yahoo! and rebranded as Yahoo! Search Marketing).While many of its dot-com rivals failed in the new Internet marketplace, Google quietly rose in stature while generating revenue.
A patent describing part of Google's ranking mechanism (PageRank) was granted on September 4, 2001. The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor.
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